THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL SPANISH
WHEN TO DOMINATE THE WORDS ARE FEW, impoverishing SPEECH. IF IN LATIN AMERICA HAVE AN ARMY OF POOR DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO EDUCATION, SPEECH IN GENERAL ALSO BE POOR. Can it survive?
Every month that passes, oddly enough, die two languages. English, spoken by hundreds of millions of people suffering from the onslaught of English, globalization and impoverishment of language. Can it survive?
the end of the XXI century will be extinct half of the six thousand 700 living languages \u200b\u200bthat currently exist in the world, according to a disturbing pronóstico formulado en el 2002 por Stephen A. Wurmo en un estudio encargado por la UNESCO.
Parece difícil imaginar que ese triste destino pueda acechar al español, un idioma que permite a 400 millones de personas atravesar 23 países sobre una superficie de 11 millones de kilómetros cuadrados sin cambiar de lengua.
Pero nadie ignora que, a pesar de su homogeneidad, ese código de comunicación vive bajo la persistente amenaza de la diversidad, las nuevas tecnologías de la información, el empobrecimiento cultural y la competencia del inglés.
La lucha por la supervivencia es un fenómeno natural de la historia. Cuando los conquistadores impusieron su lengua en América, provocaron la extinción than 110 language groups and dialects only in Mexico, and one hundred languages \u200b\u200bin the rest of the continent. THE MEXICAN FREE
persist in Mexico turns of phrase in common use which often astonish the tourists, like the famous "send you." In the colonial past, this formula slang used to express submission, but, over time, "became part of the courtesy and the" traditional kindness that characterizes the speech of Mexicans, as interpreted by some experts.
"The terms 'send you', 'at your service' and 'this is your home', among others, and do not express inferiority complex or a submission, have been as part of our traditional courtesy, and how is the world, thanks, "said Jose Moreno de Alba, director of the Mexican Academy of Language.
Emigration to the United States, the fashions and the use of foreign words associated with the technology are affecting the English language in a country like Mexico, where businesses, financial institutions and incorporate the younger generation of English words.
"While the plurality enriches language, preferably with something called a word in English, rather than a English term, has been impoverishing our language," says the Mexican writer Homero Aridjis.
in all Mexican cities is common to see commercials entirely in English, as are widespread commercial brand names such as "Seven-Eleven", "JC Penney", "Sears", "Bausch and Lomb" or "Fruit of the Loom ", among others.
This situation has made "the repertoire of vocabulary, especially among young people is very poor. When words are scarce they are mastered is impoverished speech, "said Jose Moreno de Alba, director of the Mexican Academy of Language.
While the English language dictionary has about a hundred thousand words, an average Mexican has only studied up to primary level reaches to handle about two thousand words, according to estimates by the Mexican Academy of Language.
IN CONTRAST ... Earth
the celebrated writer Gabriel García Márquez and vast cultural diversity, Colombia has acquired more than a century, the honorable reputation of being the Latin American country that speaks the purest Castilian. Although her reputation
due mainly to the passion for the grammar of its intellectuals and politicians, there is no doubt that here is rich Castilian special creativity of its people and the variety of its regions.
Some scholars argue that this fama, que puede llegar a aguijonear el orgullo de otros pueblos latinoamericanos, le viene a Colombia más bien por acento neutro usado por los habitantes de Bogotá, no así en el resto del país, plagado de hablas regionales.
Además, por la calidad y fuerza de muchos de sus escritores, sin ir más lejos García Márquez, Premio Nóbel de Literatura 1982 y considerado uno de los mejores de la lengua castellana.
Pero el prestigio del buen hablar colombiano parece tornarse ironía con sólo oír a algunos locutores de radio o presentadores de televisión -principalmente relatores de fútbol- que se ensañan con el idioma, como cuando dicen “privilegioso” en lugar de privilegiado, pompous or abuse "extremely."
"The English language is another endangered species. We are killing him, abused him so much! Nobody for balls (pay attention) and people like me who are dedicated to defending the language, end up being a quixotic, "lamented the Colombian linguist Armando Gamboa, author of" So we talk. "
WORDS "BOARS"
While language purists burst of anger with idioms, there in Colombia product terms and expressions of popular talent that may well be considered genius of the language encountered in everyday life. Perhaps the most emblematic
is the term "boar" whose original meaning is "pork player, but in Colombia is used to describe someone courageous and skillful, or a very difficult situation.
vocabulary at the zoo also features Colombian "lizard" when applied to an opportunist and that pontificates on everything.
Not to mention the ingenious creation of all spontaneous verbs conjugations and derivations such as "camel" which means work and stands for "camel" (work), "grouse" which translated into Colombian flirt and appropriate means of "vulture" (womanizer), "patrasiar" (Back) and "outrages", "BRAVIA" or "fronts" to signal defiance or courage, "dust", which is good in bed, "toad" by gossip;. The whimsical
boundary lines is evident in the speech is concerned. "Countries" of northwest Colombia have a "Cantaditas" very particular and use paging, and, if speech is to take out the nationality, in La Guajira and the eastern plains residents mingle with Venezuelans. Meanwhile, "Pasto (Nariño Department) is confused with the coastal-Ecuadorians and changing the" s "with" j "- with Panamanians and Dominicans.
THE LANGUAGE OF VIOLENCE
"What gives me is that I have spark encanado to crack this thing. I had mounted the hunt for days. Those who absents people in the neighborhood, I lambo by peeling. " Thus, Mario, a hit of 20 year-old from Medellin, recounts his first murder.
Mario To better understand the need to know that "spark" is anger, "crack" is shot or killed, "EnCana is jail," absents "is failing or being disloyal," lambada "is to want much something and" peel " is murder.
His story, collected in the book "We were not born pa'semilla", the Colombian researcher and writer Alonso Salazar, is a reflection of how violence created his own language, besides marking the country's history in more than four decades of armed conflict.
With drug trafficking in Colombia that increased corruption and violence, emerged a jargon called the "parlache" - which became popular especially among young people from different strata, principally the towns of Medellin.
In this language, the verb kill is told to "break." In Colombia out the words "contract killings", the "vaccine" is the collection of a "tax" or extortion, the "narco-terrorists" are the armed groups that are financed from the drug, and "drug crops" the illicit crops.
In the perverse imagination of those preparing explosive devices, in another sign of the degradation of the Colombian armed conflict arise compound words such as body-pump, cylinder, pump, pump donkey, horse-bomb, letter bomb, collar-bomb and even underwear bomb.
DETERIORATION IN CUBA guaracha
A popular 80's signed by Pedro Luis Ferrer drew attention in a funny way about the deterioration of English in Cuba, a problem in the '90s became a concern, but in the new century is cause for alarm, at least for the specialists.
"The language has been popularized in Cuba in an atrocious and that's a loss that seems more serious than speech problems or other," said the Cuban linguist Luisa Campuzano, national award winning Latinity-2003 .
This popularization is a tremendous impoverishment of vocabulary, reducing it in a vile, shameful in many cases, that has been established "in the colloquial language and in the language spoken in public spaces," added the specialist .
There are various origins of those terms that were installed in popular speech: Lyrics dance music generally, Anglican, baseball jargon and derivations of religious cults, among others.
Not surprisingly, a young Havana ask another opportunity in the following manner: "Brother, give me a break" or be called as "bisnero" who does business, a derivative of the word "Business."
cakes or wedding or birthday cakes are known as "Quei" onomatopoeia derived from the English word "cake."
baseball's influence is also noticeable. When a Cuban reaches an extreme situation, which must make a decision, is said to be "three-two" (three balls and two strikes), if he be found stated that "they took me out at first" and if you accomplished something very significant to note that "bounced homer (home round)." LANGUAGE ARGENTINO
The colloquial language of the Argentine scored as many terms as any other English-speaking to a dialogue would cost power at a café in Buenos Aires.
Before drawing heavily from the suburbs and the jargon of "hoodlums", the slang of Buenos Aires, which were adopted to tango lyrics. Now appear in letters cumbia rock or slum, a local adaptation of Caribbean music Widespread in the slums or peripheral.
Some of these terms such as "Trout" (false), were adopted en masse and even used on a daily basis by the press, perhaps because of its expressiveness.
In the Rio de la Plata is common "to vesre Chamuyando", "crack of the cane", "go to the whorehouse apoliyar" or sign a mine "is the legacy left by the slang in Buenos Aires and Montevideo, cities port where he was born in the second half of the nineteenth century with the arrival of European immigrants. FUTURE
One of the serious threats to the language is the impoverishment of language, the result of poor education.
In English-speaking territories, at least one quarter of the population is technically illiterate and another 25 percent are functionally illiterate. That means you do not understand even a short text which speaks of a common theme of daily life.
"The lack of respect for the common good which is the English language in Spain causes cradle-road signs containing notable misspellings: 'highway' with no accent, 'deviation' no accent, 'Alcala' without an accent - or at 'high' or 'stop' used in Latin American stop them replacing the word "documents Alex Grijelmo.
The great challenge of English in Latin America is "getting people access to education and encourage them after the reading habit, experts agreed.
Latin America has a total of 40 million illiteracy as a major educational problem, to which are added the people who have trouble mastering the language. The number of semi-literate, therefore, exceed one hundred million Latin Americans, or one quarter of the regional population, according to a study released in Mexico by the Confederation of American Educators.
"If in America we have an army of poor people without access to education, in many cases are illiterate or functionally illiterate, speaking in general will also be poor, "said Moreno de Alba.
